Electrical Gloves

Understanding EN 60903 Voltage Classes and Proof-Test Requirements

EN 60903:2003 and IEC 60903:2002 classify electrical insulated gloves into six voltage protection classes based on maximum use voltage and proof-test voltage. The proof-test voltage exceeds the maximum use voltage by 2-2.5x – for example, Class 2 gloves rated for 17,000V AC are tested at 20,000V. This safety margin accounts for voltage spikes, transient overvoltages, and environmental stress on the rubber material during real-world use.

DC voltage ratings differ from AC ratings. Gloves rated for 17,000V AC will protect against 25,500V DC (1.5x higher), because direct current creates different electrical stress patterns on insulating materials. Always check the voltage type – AC or DC – before selecting your class.

Category Coding: What the Letters Mean

Beyond voltage class, electrical rubber gloves carry category codes indicating resistance to specific environmental hazards: • A = acid resistant (battery rooms, chemical environments) • Z = ozone resistant (prevents degradation from electrical discharges and atmospheric ozone) • C = low temperature performance (-40°C to +55°C for outdoor winter work) • R = oil resistant (substations with oil-filled transformers and switchgear)

Most gloves achieve AZC or RC category ratings. RC is common for utility and substation work, combining oil resistance with ozone and temperature performance. Check product listings for exact category designations – not every glove carries all four codes.

Leather Overgloves: Mandatory Mechanical Protection

Rubber insulating gloves alone offer poor mechanical resistance. Sharp edges, rough surfaces, and tool impacts can puncture or tear thin rubber, creating holes that allow current penetration. Leather overgloves (also called protector gloves) must be worn over electrical insulating gloves to prevent mechanical damage that compromises dielectric integrity.

Overgloves typically use split cowhide or goatskin, achieving EN 388 mechanical protection whilst maintaining flexibility for electrical work. Composite electrical gloves integrate mechanical protection directly into the rubber construction, eliminating the need for separate leather overgloves – these suit electricians who need frequent donning and doffing, though they're slightly thicker than standard insulating gloves with separate protectors.

Mandatory 6-Month Testing and Visual Inspection

EN 60903 requires 6-month testing for gloves for electrical work. Classes 00 and 0 require air inflation testing plus visual inspection – inflate the glove like a balloon, roll the cuff to seal, then inspect the inflated surface for air leaks indicating punctures or holes. Even tiny pinholes invisible to the naked eye become apparent through escaping air.

Classes 1, 2, 3, and 4 additionally require dielectric testing in specialised water bath equipment, measuring electrical resistance at the proof-test voltage. Gloves failing any test must be removed from service immediately and destroyed to prevent accidental dangerous use. Perform quick field inflation checks before each use, plus comprehensive documented testing every 6 months.

Storage, Washing, and Replacement Guidance

Store electrical safety gloves in cool, dry locations away from sunlight, ozone sources (electrical equipment generating ozone), chemicals, petroleum products, and sharp objects. Store flat or hanging naturally without creases or folds – compression creates stress points where cracks develop. Keep in opaque sealed bags protecting from light and contamination. Maximum storage period is typically 12-36 months from manufacture date, even without use, as rubber degrades over time.

Wash insulating gloves with mild soap and water after each use, rinsing thoroughly to remove all soap residue (soap degrades rubber over time). Air dry at temperatures below 65°C – never use hot air dryers, direct sunlight, or radiators. Replace gloves immediately when you notice cracks, tears, punctures, excessive swelling, brittleness, tackiness, permanent discolouration, or any damage compromising electrical insulation.

Common Selection Mistakes: Voltage Isn't the Only Factor

Many buyers choose voltage class based solely on maximum voltage present, ignoring dwell time and work frequency. Class 00 gloves suit brief low-voltage tasks (checking control panels, EV charging infrastructure), but prolonged work at 400-500V requires thicker Class 0 gloves for better insulation margin. Overspecification adds unnecessary bulk and reduces dexterity – Class 2 gloves aren't needed for routine 230V single-phase work.

Another mistake: assuming colour indicates voltage class. Whilst Class 00 is often beige, Class 0 red, Class 1 white, Class 2 yellow, Class 3 green, and Class 4 orange, colour standards vary between manufacturers. Always verify voltage class markings stamped on the glove cuff rather than relying on colour alone. The permanent markings show class, category ratings, size, manufacture date, and test date for traceability.